{"id":1289,"date":"2025-06-17T11:35:56","date_gmt":"2025-06-17T11:35:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/2025\/06\/17\/israel-strikes-iran-is-the-world-close-to-a-nuclear-radiation-incident\/"},"modified":"2025-06-17T11:35:56","modified_gmt":"2025-06-17T11:35:56","slug":"israel-strikes-iran-is-the-world-close-to-a-nuclear-radiation-incident","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/2025\/06\/17\/israel-strikes-iran-is-the-world-close-to-a-nuclear-radiation-incident\/","title":{"rendered":"Israel strikes Iran: Is the world close to a nuclear radiation incident?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu\u2019s decision to launch strikes against Iran\u2019s nuclear facilities has sparked concerns among sections of the global community, atomic energy regulators and experts on the risks of nuclear contamination.<\/p>\n

On Monday, Rafael Grossi, the head of the United Nations nuclear watchdog, said there was a possibility of both radiological and chemical contamination from the damaged Natanz installation, Iran\u2019s major nuclear hub.<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, regional and global leaders warned that the Israeli strikes, which began on Friday, could further destabilise the region and increase the chances of a nuclear confrontation.<\/p>\n

Kaja Kallas, the European Union\u2019s foreign policy chief, on Saturday expressed \u201cdeepest concern\u201d at the escalation. The EU opposes Iran\u2019s possession of nuclear weapons but believes \u201cdiplomacy, not military action\u201d is the way to achieve that, she said.<\/p>\n

Netanyahu, who has been calling for attacks on Iran\u2019s nuclear sites for years, launched the unprecedented strikes as nuclear talks were being conducted between Washington and Tehran.<\/p>\n

United States President Donald Trump has said his country was not involved in the attacks but has promised that he won\u2019t allow Tehran to acquire nuclear weapons. Iran has insisted its nuclear programme is for civilian purposes.<\/p>\n

So do Israel\u2019s attacks point to a growing risk of nuclear radiation after two nuclear-armed neighbours \u2013 India and Pakistan \u2013 also came to blows in May and with Russia and Ukraine tussling for control over the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, Europe\u2019s largest?<\/p>\n

What did the IAEA say?<\/h2>\n

Addressing an urgent session of the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna on Monday, Grossi said radiation levels appear normal outside both the Natanz nuclear installation and another facility in Isfahan also targeted in Israeli strikes.<\/p>\n

However, the IAEA director general warned that military escalation \u201cincreases the chance of a radiological release\u201d. Grossi had on Friday told the UN Security Council that Israel\u2019s strike on Natanz destroyed the above-ground part of the facility. While the main centrifuge facility underground was not hit, it lost power because of the attack.<\/p>\n

That in turn, he warned, might have damaged the underground centrifuges that enrich uranium. Spinning centrifuges contain a gas called uranium hexafluoride, and it is this gas that poses the greatest risk of chemical contamination at Natanz at the moment, Grossi said. The gas is made by combining uranium and fluorine and is highly volatile and corrosive. It can burn skin and can be deadly if inhaled. It is unclear whether any of this gas has escaped from the centrifuges because of the power loss.<\/p>\n

\u201cAmid these challenging and complex circumstances, it is crucial that the IAEA receives timely and regular technical information about the facilities and their respective sites,\u201d Grossi said. In the absence of that information, he said, the IAEA \u201ccannot accurately assess the radiological conditions and potential impacts on the population and the environment and cannot provide the necessary assistance.\u201d<\/p>\n

Have nuclear facilities been hit before?<\/h2>\n

Al Jazeera cannot find a record of an operational nuclear \u200binstallation coming under attack, but \u200bpower plants have often been attacked while under construction \u2013 mostly in the Middle East.<\/p>\n

A week into the Iran-Iraq War in 1980, Iran\u2019s Operation Scorch Sword damaged Iraq\u2019s unfinished Osirak \u200bnuclear reactor in the world\u2019s first attack on a nuclear power plant.<\/p>\n

Israel conducted another air attack the following year, destroying the French-built reactor in Operation Opera. A decade later, US Operation Desert Storm attacked the Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Centre, of which Osirak was a part.<\/p>\n

Iraq also attacked Iran\u2019s incomplete nuclear reactor at Bushehr during the Iran-Iraq War, damaging it. The Soviet Union eventually completed the reactor in the early 2000s, and it went into operation in 2009.<\/p>\n

Israel recently revealed<\/a> that in 2007, it had bombed a Syrian reactor, apparently only just before it became operational, believing it to be part of a plan by President Bashar al-Assad\u2019s regime to acquire nuclear weapons. Operation Outside the Box bombed the North Korean-built plutonium reactor at Deir Az Zor, destroying it.<\/p>\n

Other reactors have come under attack for political rather than security reasons.<\/p>\n

Spain\u2019s Basque separatist group ETA bombed a nuclear power station under construction in Lemoiz on Spain\u2019s northern coast. ETA detonated bombs inside the facility in 1978 and 1979, killing three workers. Twice it assassinated the project\u2019s chief engineer. Spain eventually abandoned the plant in 1983 after the Francisco Franco dictatorship\u2019s nuclear programme was cancelled.<\/p>\n

Antinuclear activists caused damage to unfinished power plants in 1982. In France, they fired five rocket-propelled grenades into the Creys-Malville<\/a> plant near Lyon, creating a hole in its outer concrete wall.<\/p>\n

In December of that year, the African National Congress set off a series of four staggered bombs at the Koeberg<\/a> Nuclear Power Station, which South Africa\u2019s apartheid government was building near Cape Town. The first of two reactors at the plant was to have started operating that month. There were no injuries or radiation leakage.<\/p>\n

Have there been other times the world\u2019s been close to a nuclear incident?<\/h2>\n

In an interview with Al Jazeera, Dan Smith, the head of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, said the world has rarely been in much danger from accidental nuclear weapons use.<\/p>\n

Previously, risks have primarily arisen from the threat of miscalculations.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe last time that there was open information to show we were so close to disaster is the Petrov incident in September 1983 \u2013 a false alarm in the Soviet early warning system that he [an engineer] refused to report,\u201d Smith said.<\/p>\n

Stanislav Petrov, who worked at Moscow\u2019s early warning command centre, received satellite information that a US ballistic missile had been launched against Russia, followed by four more.<\/p>\n

It was a time of great tension between the superpowers as the US objected to the deployment of Russian SS20 missiles with multiple warheads and Moscow objected to forward-deployed Pershing II nuclear missiles being stationed in Western Europe.<\/p>\n

Petrov may have averted a nuclear war by waiting for corroborating evidence before alerting his superiors. No missiles hit Russian soil, and the Soviet satellite information turned out to have been faulty.<\/p>\n

More recently, during the four-day military conflict between India and Pakistan, India fired its homegrown BrahMos missiles at its neighbour. While the missiles carried conventional payloads in this case, some experts believe they could be modified to carry nuclear warheads too.<\/p>\n

And as Khurram Dastgir Khan, former Pakistan defence minister, told Al Jazeera in May: \u201cOnce the missile is in the air, you cannot know what payload it carries until it hits the target.\u201d<\/p>\n

Such scenarios increase the risk of a nuclear war in instances in which both sides \u2013 such as in the case of Russia and NATO in Europe \u2013 are nuclear armed, Smith said.<\/p>\n

He said that more than any planned nuclear attack, he worries about \u201csomebody somewhere, in a chain of command under extreme pressure of time, with hostility in the atmosphere, with violent rhetoric in the background,\u201d reacting mistakenly.<\/p>\n

\u201cSomebody sees something and they say, \u2018That\u2019s it. This is the big one. This is the attack coming. It\u2019s 75 missiles and their warheads, just like we predicted in our exercise six months ago, and we have to destroy the remainder of their force so that they cannot escalate.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

Has the Russia-Ukraine war added to the risks too?<\/h2>\n

A more recent nuclear contamination scare came early in Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine when it seized the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP) on March 4, 2022. The ZNPP has six reactors, and it stands on the left bank of the Dnipro River, which forms part of the front line between Ukrainian and Russian forces.<\/p>\n

Ukraine said Russia had placed 500 soldiers with military equipment, tanks and ammunition in the engine room of the first reactor unit, impeding access for firefighting equipment.<\/p>\n

This Russian garrison also fired into Nikopol, across the Dnipro, apparently to provoke retaliatory fire.<\/p>\n

On August 1, 2022, then-US Secretary of State Antony Blinken told the UN General Assembly: \u201cRussia is now using the plant as a military base to fire at Ukrainians, knowing that they can\u2019t and won\u2019t shoot back because they might accidentally strike a nuclear \u2013 a reactor or highly radioactive waste in storage. That brings the notion of having a human shield to an entirely different and horrific level.\u201d<\/p>\n

Two days later, Ukraine\u2019s state nuclear power agency, Energoatom, said Russian forces fired rockets and artillery into the power plant, damaging its nitrogen-oxygen station. \u201cThere are risks of hydrogen leakage and sputtering of radioactive substances. Fire danger is high,\u201d Energoatom said.<\/p>\n

The IAEA eventually intervened to ensure all six reactors were powered down and hostilities around the plant ceased, but the plant still needs a steady supply of water and electricity to cool spent fuel rods and reactors.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu\u2019s decision to launch strikes against Iran\u2019s nuclear facilities has sparked concerns among sections of the global community, atomic energy regulators and experts on the risks of nuclear contamination. On Monday, Rafael Grossi, the head of the United Nations nuclear watchdog, said there was a possibility of both radiological and chemical … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1290,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1289","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-travel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1289","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1289"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1289\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1290"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}