{"id":1922,"date":"2025-07-25T08:36:11","date_gmt":"2025-07-25T08:36:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/2025\/07\/25\/desperate-zimbabweans-get-in-debt-to-pay-for-lifesaving-blood-transfusions\/"},"modified":"2025-07-25T08:36:11","modified_gmt":"2025-07-25T08:36:11","slug":"desperate-zimbabweans-get-in-debt-to-pay-for-lifesaving-blood-transfusions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/2025\/07\/25\/desperate-zimbabweans-get-in-debt-to-pay-for-lifesaving-blood-transfusions\/","title":{"rendered":"Desperate Zimbabweans get in debt to pay for lifesaving blood transfusions"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Bulawayo, Zimbabwe \u2013<\/strong> When Lloyd Muzamba was critically injured in a car accident on the Harare\u2013Bulawayo highway in 2023, he needed an urgent blood transfusion to save his life. Despite being admitted at Mpilo Central Hospital, the biggest public health facility in Zimbabwe\u2019s Matabeleland region, a shortage of supplies meant the doctors didn\u2019t have enough for him.<\/p>\n

In desperation, Muzamba\u2019s family turned to their only other option \u2013 a nearby private hospital that sold them the three pints of blood. But at a cost of $250 per pint, Muzamba \u2013 who earned a $270 monthly salary and had no savings \u2013 could not afford it.<\/p>\n

With time running out, the family had to make a plan. Eventually, Muzamba\u2019s uncle sold a cow for $300 and asked other relatives to contribute the balance.<\/p>\n

Two years on, the now recovered Muzamba says the incident has left him psychologically wounded, as he worries about other emergencies when people may need lifesaving blood.<\/p>\n

\u201cThree pints can be a small number; others might need more than that. But due to the costs involved, it becomes life-threatening,\u201d said the 35-year-old, who works in a hardware store in Bulawayo.<\/p>\n

\u201cI could not get the blood without paying or making a payment plan. It was a painful experience for an ordinary Zimbabwean like me.\u201d<\/p>\n

Muzamba\u2019s is not an isolated case.<\/p>\n

With ongoing currency woes, rising costs of living and high levels of poverty, desperate Zimbabweans in need of care face life-threatening delays due to financial barriers. This includes blood shortages \u2013 despite supplies being free in public health facilities.<\/p>\n

Tanaka Moyo, a mother of two in the capital Harare, also experienced the stress of needing to pay for emergency blood supplies during the delivery of her second child.<\/p>\n

After excessive postpartum haemorrhaging, the 38-year-old street vendor needed four pints of blood.<\/p>\n

Together with her husband, a security guard, she had struggled to raise money for the birth of their child. The sudden need for a blood transfusion was a shocking unplanned cost.<\/p>\n

\u201cMy husband ran around and borrowed money from a microfinance institution. The interests are steep and conditions stringent, but he had to act quickly,\u201d said Moyo.<\/p>\n

\u201cAt the hospital, they insisted the blood was free \u2013 but it was not available.\u201d<\/p>\n

Plaxedes Charuma, a gynaecologist in Bulawayo, says \u201cpostpartum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality\u201d. The prevalence of the condition means that hospitals should always have supplies on hand to deal with maternal blood loss emergencies that arise, health experts say.<\/p>\n

\"Zimbabwe
A maternity ward at a hospital in Harare, Zimbabwe [Philimon Bulawayo\/Reuters]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

According to the Community Working Group on Health (CWGH), a network of civic health organisations in Zimbabwe, the country faces a high demand for blood transfusions, and those most affected are pregnant women.<\/p>\n

\u201cAbout half a million pregnancies are expected in Zimbabwe, and in some of these, there is excessive blood loss, requiring transfusion of at least three pints of blood,\u201d said Itai Rusike, CWGH\u2019s executive director.<\/p>\n

\u201cMaternal mortality in Zimbabwe remains unacceptably high,\u201d Rusike told Al Jazeera. \u201cTimely blood transfusion prevents maternal deaths, which in Zimbabwe stands at 212 women dying per every 100,000 live births.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u2018Free blood for all\u2019<\/h2>\n

Generally, there are two major types of blood transfusions: allogeneic and autologous. Autologous transfusion refers to self-same blood donation by an individual for their own use later. Allogeneic transfusion, which is the most common in Zimbabwe, involves administering blood donated by one person to another who matches their blood type.<\/p>\n

The National Blood Service Zimbabwe (NBSZ) is the body that oversees blood donation and distribution in the country. It operates as an independent not-for-profit entity, but it is mandated by law to collect, process and distribute blood throughout Zimbabwe.<\/p>\n

While the Ministry of Health and Child Care is permanently represented on its board of directors, NBSZ functions independently of hospitals and government health institutions. It is not present in every facility, but maintains decentralised distribution from five regional centres: Harare, Bulawayo, Gweru, Masvingo and Mutare.<\/p>\n

Historically, patients in Zimbabwe paid for blood, but over the years the government worked on lowering costs \u2013 from $150 a pint in 2016 and prior to $50 by 2018.<\/p>\n

The government then went a step further in July that year, deciding that blood would be made free at all public health institutions.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe free blood for all move is going ahead as planned and mechanisms have already been put in place to finance the move, and come July 1 [2018], blood will be available for free,\u201d said then-Minister of Health and Child Care Dr David Parirenyatwa during the June 2018 World Blood Donor Day celebrations.<\/p>\n

However, despite the policy, hospitals continue to face shortages.<\/p>\n

This May, there was a critical lack of blood in public hospitals, a situation that threatened the lives of thousands of people, the Ministry of Health and Child Care said in a statement. Al Jazeera contacted ministry spokesperson Donald Mujiri to ask about the shortage and the implementation of the free blood policy, but he did not respond to our requests for comment.<\/p>\n

NBSZ, meanwhile, said that May\u2019s shortage was due to operational and systemic challenges that disrupted its ability to carry out routine blood collection activities.<\/p>\n

\u201cWithout timely financial support, we faced constraints in mobilising outreach teams, securing fuel, and procuring essential supplies,\u201d Vickie Maponga, NBSZ communications officer, told Al Jazeera.<\/p>\n

\u201cAdditionally, the crisis was exacerbated by a seasonal dip in donations, particularly from youth, who make up over 70 percent of our donor base.\u201d<\/p>\n

These shortages regularly result in patients on the front line needing to buy blood at private clinics. In most cases, the patient is physically transferred to the private facility for the transfusion, where they pay the costs. In some cases, the patient pays and the private hospital sends the blood to them in the public hospital.<\/p>\n

\"Blood
A World Blood Donor Day awareness street march in Zimbabwe [Courtesy of NBSZ]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Crucial blood donations<\/h2>\n

The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to ensure that all countries practicing blood transfusions obtain their blood supplies from voluntary blood donors.<\/p>\n

The NBSZ told Al Jazeera that a sustainable blood supply in Zimbabwe depends on cultivating a culture of regular, voluntary donations, particularly among the youth and underserved communities.<\/p>\n

The service has a mobile outreach model, through which it brings blood donation drives directly to schools and communities. To further engage the youth, Maponga said they also started a club that \u201cencourages young people to commit to donating blood at least 25 times in their lifetime\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe also integrate blood donation awareness into school programmes and partner with tertiary institutions to maintain continuity post-high school,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

Ivy Khumalo, 32, is one of those who has been donating blood since she was in high school. But she says the lack of blood donation centres around her now limits her ability to give as an adult.<\/p>\n

\u201cAs a school child, it was [first started] as a result of peer pressure, but I found it fascinating,\u201d Khumalo said. \u201cIt was only when I was an adult that I made a personal decision to continue donating out of love to save life and help those in need.\u201d<\/p>\n

But since moving from Bulawayo to Hwange, she said, donating blood has become expensive as the nearest centre is in Victoria Falls, over 100km (62 miles) away.<\/p>\n

NBSZ says it routinely deploys mobile blood drives around the country. It also says it offers donors incentives.<\/p>\n

\u201cRegular donors who meet specific criteria such as having made at least 10 donations, with the most recent within the past 12 months, qualify for free blood and blood products for themselves and their immediate family members \u2026 in times of medical need,\u201d explained Maponga.<\/p>\n

However, for keen donors like Khumalo, the effort to reach a far-off donation site is a barrier to entry.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn such circumstances, it is no longer a free donation as I spent money going there. In the end, most of us decide to stay home despite the passion for blood donation,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

CWGH\u2019s Rusike says the NBSZ and Ministry of Health and Child Care must urgently devise innovative and sustainable ways to increase the number of eligible blood donors.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe government should utilise the Health Levy Fund of 5 percent tax on airtime and mobile data as it was set up to specifically subsidise the cost of blood and assist public health institutions to replace obsolete equipment and address the perennial drug shortages in our public health institutions,\u201d he said. \u201cThat money should be ring-fenced and used for its intended purpose in a more accountable and transparent manner.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Blood
A woman works at a National Blood Service Zimbabwe (NBSZ) lab [Courtesy of NBSZ]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Promises and shortages<\/h2>\n

Authorities say that as of mid-2025, Zimbabwe\u2019s national blood supply is showing good progress, and NBSZ has already collected over 73 percent of its half-year target (the 2025 annual target is 97,500 units).<\/p>\n

The blood service also says the Ministry of Health and Child Care plays a central role in both subsidising and overseeing the cost of blood within the public health sector.<\/p>\n

\u201cSince 2018, this [free blood policy] is made possible through a government-funded coupon system, which absorbs the full cost of $250 per unit, resulting in zero cost to the recipient [in public hospitals],\u201d said Maponga.<\/p>\n

The NBSZ maintains that it operates on a cost recovery basis. It says the entire chain of collecting, processing and distributing a pint of blood costs $245. The agency charges $250, making a $5 profit per pint.<\/p>\n

However, prices at some private facilities can reach as much as $500 per pint, Zimbabweans say. This has sparked heated debate on social media, as the high cost remains far out of reach for many people.<\/p>\n

\u201cNBSZ does not have regulatory authority over how those institutions price their services to patients,\u201d said Maponga, explaining that while blood itself is donated freely, the journey from \u201cvein to vein\u201d involves a complex and resource-intensive process.<\/p>\n

Observers, however, say more can be done to lower the costs of blood transfusions.<\/p>\n

\u201cAt closer look, the whole chain of blood transfusion can cost less than $150 by strategically deploying available resources, use of financial donor stakeholders like corporates, and also holding the government accountable to fund the whole process,\u201d said Carlton Ntini, a socioeconomic justice activist in Bulawayo.<\/p>\n

The issue of free blood in the public hospitals is noble, Ntini said, but without full implementation, it remains a false hope and only benefits the \u201clucky\u201d few, as shortages are the order of the day.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn reality, any amount above $50 per pint of blood will still be high to Zimbabweans, and it\u2019s a death sentence,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, for patients, the cost of essentials only adds to an already stressful situation.<\/p>\n

Muzamba was fortunate in that his family did not claim back the money they gave him for his blood transfusion. But Moyo and her husband struggled to settle their $1,000 loan debt, which escalated to $1,400 after interest.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt psychologically drained me more than the physical pain as I wondered, \u2018Where would I get such money in this economy?\u2019\u201d said Moyo. \u201cThe government must own up to its promises \u2013 it\u2019s not only about being free, but must be accessible.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bulawayo, Zimbabwe \u2013 When Lloyd Muzamba was critically injured in a car accident on the Harare\u2013Bulawayo highway in 2023, he needed an urgent blood transfusion to save his life. Despite being admitted at Mpilo Central Hospital, the biggest public health facility in Zimbabwe\u2019s Matabeleland region, a shortage of supplies meant the doctors didn\u2019t have enough … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1923,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1922","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-travel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1922","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1922"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1922\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1923"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1922"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1922"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pronews.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1922"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}